A Comparative Study of Dyslipidaemias among Hypertensives and Normotensives in a Tertiary Health Facility in North Central, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Dyslipidaemia and hypertension are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with evidence suggesting a strong interrelationship between both conditions. Understanding the pattern of dyslipidaemia among hypertensives and normotensives is critical for effective risk assessment and management.

Aim: To determine and compare the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidaemia among hypertensive and normotensive adults in a tertiary healthcare facility in North Central Nigeria.

Methodology: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 176 participants (88 hypertensives and 88 age- and sex-matched normotensives) recruited from the General Outpatient Clinic of Federal Medical Centre, Bida, between August and October 2022. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and fasting blood samples for lipid profiling. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23. Independent t-tests and Chi-square tests were used to compare mean values and assess associations, respectively. Ap-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result: The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was significantly higher among hypertensives (78.4%) compared to normotensives (52.3%). Hypertensives had significantly higher mean values of LDL-C and triglycerides, while HDL-C was significantly lower (p < 0.001). Total cholesterol and atherogenic index were higher among normotensives, though not statistically significant. LDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol,and atherogenic index showed significant associations with hypertension status.

Conclusion: Dyslipidaemia is highly prevalent among hypertensive patients compared to normotensives. Routine lipid screening and lifestyle modification are recommended as part of integrated hypertension management to reduce cardiovascular risk.